Type 1 Diabetes – Its is condition mostly presented in childhood and children present in hospital in mostly comatose phase with severe acidosis. Children suffered form any infection precipitated this event in unknown diabetes. It is a condition where there is complete deficiency of insulin in body. It’s an autoimmune disease. Screening is done in children having first degree relatives with Type 1 DM and through antibodies.
Classical symptoms of type 1 diabetes are Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Unexplained weight loss. The onset of symptomatic disease may be sudden. It is not unusual for patients with type 1 diabetes to present with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA).
Diagnostic criteria by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) include
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A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level ≥126 mg/dL, or
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A 2-hour plasma glucose level ≥200 mg/dL during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), or
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A random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL in a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis
One should aware that insulin is the therapy in Type 1 DM. Sugar control and Self Glucose Monitoring is the key for management in patients. Regular consultation with Diabetologist and diet follow up is the need for treatment.